Dialysis
Dialysis is a medical procedure that is used to perform the functions of the kidneys when they are no longer able to do so effectively. It is primarily used as a treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney failure.
The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the bloodstream, as well as regulating electrolyte levels and maintaining fluid balance in the body. When the kidneys fail, waste products and fluids accumulate in the body, leading to serious health complications.
Dialysis works by artificially removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood, restoring the balance of electrolytes and removing toxins. There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Dialysis
While dialysis can be life-sustaining for individuals with kidney failure, it is not a cure for kidney disease. Kidney transplantation is often considered as a more definitive treatment option for eligible patients. However, transplantation may not be suitable for everyone due to various factors, such as medical conditions or lack of a suitable donor.
Hemodialysis:
This is the most common type of dialysis. During hemodialysis, blood is removed from the body and pumped through a machine called a dialyzer or artificial kidney. Inside the dialyzer, the blood flows through a special filter that removes waste products and excess fluids. The cleaned blood is then returned to the body. Hemodialysis is typically performed in a dialysis center or hospital and requires the creation of a vascular access point, usually through an arteriovenous fistula or graft.
Peritoneal Dialysis:
In peritoneal dialysis, the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneum, acts as a natural filter. A sterile dialysis solution, called dialysate, is introduced into the abdomen through a catheter. The dialysate remains in the abdomen for a prescribed period, during which waste products and excess fluids from the blood pass through the peritoneum into the dialysate. After a certain dwell time, the dialysate is drained from the abdomen and replaced with fresh solution. Peritoneal dialysis can be performed at home or in other clean environments and offers more flexibility compared to hemodialysis.
Both types of dialysis have their advantages and considerations. The choice of dialysis modality depends on various factors such as the patient’s medical condition, lifestyle, and personal preferences.